Yes. The list, which may not be exclusive, includes 1) recording programmes, 2) enabling timeshift, and 3) pause even when timeshift is disabled.
I have also tried pointing timeshift to a usb stick instead while it was enabled, which showed me that timeshift files were normal, the issue appears to be that the 3 activities above leave orphan hdd disc space behind, which is invisible to 'ls-a', but is reclaimed by fsck or a restart.
Recording programmes of course use up disc space. The issue is after they are deleted not all the used space is returned, and can only be recovered by fsck or restart. Programme file size looks normal. As an illustration, if free space is 800GB (from menu setup information device), you might find 790GB left after recording a 5GB programme (observed by Filezilla, puttying ls, or the Dream-Explorer plugin), and deleting the programme leaves you with only 795GB free space. You will get the missing 5B back after a restart.
I am speculating, those activities might have used codes that claim hdd disc space (not files, hidden or otherwise, somehow) as workspace, but fail to release the space properly after use.